Types of Foundations and Their Uses

The foundation is the base of a structure that supports its weight and transfers it to the ground. There are two main types of foundations: shallow foundations and deep foundations.

Shallow foundations are those that are located within 3 meters (10 feet) of the ground surface. They are typically used in soils that have good bearing capacity, such as sand and gravel. 

The foundation is the base of a structure that supports its weight and transfers it to the ground. There are two main types of foundations: shallow foundations and deep foundations.

Shallow foundations can be divided into four types:

• Individual footings are used to support individual columns or walls.
• Combined footings are used to support two or more columns that are close together.
• Strip footings are used to support a continuous wall.
• Raft foundations are large, flat slabs that support the entire structure.

Deep foundations are those that are located below 3 meters (10 feet) of the ground surface. They are used in soils that have poor bearing capacity, such as soft clays. Deep foundations can be divided into two types:

• Pile foundations are long, slender members that are driven or drilled into the ground.
• Drilled shafts are large, cylindrical holes that are drilled into the ground.

The type of foundation that is used depends on the soil conditions, the size and weight of the structure, and the cost.

Here is a table that summarizes the different types of foundations and their uses:

Here are some additional things to consider when choosing a foundation:

• The depth of the water table.
• The presence of any underground obstructions, such as rock or tree roots.
• The seismic activity in the area.
• The cost of the different types of foundations.

It is important to consult with a structural engineer to determine the best type of foundation for your specific project.